Multicultural counselling values Essay

The main purpose of writing this essay is to analyze and highlight some personal values of a counselor that can affect the quality of maintaining effective therapeutic relationship with the client. The writer agrees to the statement â€Å"it is impossible for a counsellor to maintain a position of neutrality.† The views and critical approaches of the writer are expressed in the following essay. Introduction Everyone has his/ her personal values, beliefs, biasness and preferences. Personal values have great influence in relation to human decision-making. Each individual has a different set of personal values because everyone has a different set of life experience, environment and family background. Values are essential to our life as it acts as a form of catalyst to guide our life, shape our behavior and reflect our personal moral standards. For example, an individual who uphold the values of trust, sincerity and honesty, he/she will want people to have faith in them. In addition, this group of individuals would yearn others to be sincere in terms of friendship and things they do. It could also be in a form of ability to perform certain task with full of sincerity without hoping for any credits. (All of us preserve values which produce high standards, portraying good image to our loved ones, self and ultimately, bringing good things towards the society. Personal Values & Its Origins The writer has personal values that include being filial, devoted, responsible, and establishing good relationship with his loved ones. In certain circumstances, these personal values of the writer may differ from the client’s values, resulting in conflict and resistance. (It creates relationship difficulties with the clients.) This may prevent the writer from forming a therapeutic relationship with the clients. One example would be the writer, who is a religious person, dealing with clients who have a character totally opposite of him. Since he is religious, the writer is cautious with his act and reframe from situations leading to sins. For instance, if the writer were to counsel clients facing issues such as abortion, gambling, divorce and intentional single parenting, it may lead to conflicts due to differing personal values. The writer heavily criticizes these acts because the client is irresponsible, inhumane, and he considers such acts as uncivilized. Regardless of the client’s ethnicity / religion, conflicts may bring up feelings of anger, uneasiness and negativity towards the client. The author’s emotions will be affected due to the writer being intolerant of such acts. It is due to the writer’s strong religious values that cause his emotions and cognitive ability to be disoriented. As he is not in the right state of mind to think effectively, the writer’s focus is affected. The level of empathy and being congruent become affected because the counselor’s value does not align well with his client’s values. As a result, the writer has the urge to judge the clients and become biased. Such emotions can be overwhelming, leading to the writer’s unconscious skewed judgment and possible ill feelings formed of these clients. Dealing with countertransference In addition, it is equally of utmost importance to recognize our own unresolved personal issues that feeds into problematic behaviors with clients .Take the following as an example, a client who wants to change into a filial person after committing various sinful acts. The client wants to repent. Relating back to the writer’s past experiences, he too was once a rebellious person. His parents condemned his acts that brought shame to the family name. It was tough and difficult for his parents to accept him back. That was one incident his parents nearly disowned him after what he had done. He had been heavily insulted and judged. The writer knew it was not his fault because his motive was to only get the attention from his parents. His parents have been biased and treated him unfairly compared to his other two siblings. With the writer’s past experience, the writer has developed similar chemistry with his/her clients. The writer becomes emotionally detached with his/her client due to the situation similarity that the client had experienced. Instead of analyzing and finding out more about the client’s main issues, the writer became engrossed with the similar event portion. He may place his focus on the filial issue. If the writer is unable to deal with his unresolved conflicts from the past or other relationships, it can affect the therapeutic outcome. It may slow down the process of gathering information that is important for the client’s needs. The writer’s focus may wander and disorientate, that can impair the quality of the session. By having the impression of showing good and positive impression to the clients, the counter transference affects the therapy session when the counselor is readily accepting the client’s opinions. The writer’s blind spots may hinder his ability to deal with various similar behaviors shown by the clients, or the writer’s old wounds that surfaced as he works to process the client’s pain. Each client needs to be met where they are and worked with on their individual â€Å"stuff†, without interference from either the counselors’ prior experiences with clients or their personal values. On the other hand, counselors need to know what their personal thresholds are. For example, if the writer feels that he cannot work with a child abuser or a murderer without allowing his personal values affect his work with the client, he needs to take the precautionary measures to excuse himself from such clients and refer them to another counselor. Alternatively, he can seek supervision from someone who is experienced for advice. Benefits and Limitations of Personal Values There are some benefits that personal values can bring upon in counseling. Values by the counselor can be used as a form of communication. Based on an article entitled â€Å"Values in Counseling and Psychotherapy†, written by Patterson, he mentioned that the therapist’s values are not communicated directly to the client . The writer as a person would relate to the client as a person. In other words, the writer feels he is in a position whereby he set the appropriate tone and example to the client. When the counselor begins to demonstrate empathy, sincerity, authenticity, respect and establishing good rapport, the client would most likely mirror these values. Since the client develops more positive attitudes and the willingness to change, it establishes better communication with the writer. The writer is able to show congruence as well as unconditional positive regard towards the client. The writer also feels that benefits would arise from working with specific groups of people based on shared values. For example, a preacher or imam who is counseling will likely do so in a way that incorporates their religious beliefs. The client would specifically go to that person for religious-based counseling. However, if the client is struggling with those beliefs, their struggles may not be heard Managing Personal Values Every obstacle can be overcome and dealt with. In the counseling context, values are manageable which can be key to maintaining effective therapeutic alliance. One of the key factors is to establish â€Å"multicultural awareness†. Multicultural awareness increases a person’s intentional and purposive decision-making ability by accounting for the many ways that culture influences different perceptions of the same solution. This illustrates how multicultural awareness is able to influence the counselor decision-making. Different people have different cultures. Therefore, to avoid any form of culture shock, it is therefore vital for the counselor to develop his/her level of multi-cultural awareness. The counselor has two choices: to ignore the influence of culture, or to attend to it. Both cases, cultures will still continue to influence a client’s and a counselor’s behavior with or without the counselor’s intentional awareness.Counselors are encouraged to attend multicultural knowledge training. Some of the knowledge approaches that are commonly used are through publications, audio and visual media, and reading materials. Let’s ask ourselves this question â€Å"Why do we, as counselors, have to be multicultural competent?† One reason is to avoid any form of personal biases, stereotyping or misjudging the clients. By increasing the counselor’s knowledge about other cultures, the writer believes it would provide him with correct and sufficient information about one’s own as well as target cultures. The writer’s high level of competencies and awareness increases his self-confidence and self-realization to face the problem effectively and diligently. It puts the writer in a position whereby he feels much comfortable to listen and understand emphatically to the client. If the writer were to deal with clients who come from different backgrounds and cultures, the writer should have the ability to handle his personal values properly in order not to offend his clients. The writer may experience some form of culture shock if he is incompetent with his awareness. The awareness competencies are essential as it enables to control the writer’s interpretation of his own knowledge and utilizing the right skills. By controlling the writer’s interpretation, he can avoid making any form of assumption and jump to conclusion. The multicultural skilled counselor does not take awareness for granted. Conclusion Is it possible to maintain a position of neutrality? The answer is no. With all these values that are lingering in the counselor’s thought process, the counselor may have difficulties. The counselor has to be natural. Hiding behind a professional faà §ade may leads to upsetting the counseling relationship and jeopardizing the therapeutic factors in the process. Counselors who have different set of personal values can affect the therapeutic relationship outcome. A counselor who is unable to manage his/her personal values can affect the quality of relationships between people. The most common misconception among clients is that counselors tend to tell individuals what to do or choices he/she should have made. Instead, role of the counselor is to guide the client to make use of the resources they have and help them to define their goals. Nonetheless, the counselor’s personal values can be used as a tool in creating some form of connection with the client. (We, as counselors will do our best to find the right approach for each client.) A counselor shall never make any form of assumptions. Whatever values the counselor believes in, they should never judge or be bias towards the client. In reality, differences in personal values may stand as an obstacle in establishing therapeutic relationships with clients. The fundamental of personal values in counseling is to alleviate the personal distress. An effective counselor has to be authentic, genuine, have an appreciation for cultural influences, and retain effective interpersonal effective communication skills .

Humanisitic Perspective

The Humanistic Perspective The humanistic perspective in psychology says that we are responsible for our actions when it comes to violence. I believe that the humanistic perspective is the best way to describe the actions of violence. There are many examples of this that have been studied that support this perspective. Some examples of violence that support this perspective include Joel Rifkin, the two kids thrill kill. Humanistic psychology is the constructive view of human self-determination. It is the interpretation of the behavior of someone is intentional.This means someone’s actions with violence are their choice and they are conscious of what they are doing. The humanistic perspective believes the person who is acting violence is responsible for their actions. Violence in my opinion can be best explained in the humanistic theory. People know what they are doing and it is their choice if they want to do it. When it comes to violence people are capable of knowing what is right and what is wrong. In the case of Joel Rifkin, he was a serial killer who murdered prostitutes in the early 1990’s in New York City. He was fully aware of what he was doing and his actions were intended.In an interview after he was convicted Rifkin told investigators the reasoning behind why he continued to kill. He said that there was a thrill to killing and it gave him a rush of adrenaline. This is an exact example of the humanistic perspective because he realized what he was doing and the consequences that may come along with his actions and he continued with his violence outbursts. A thrill killing is premeditated murder committed by a person who is not necessarily suffering from mental instability, and does not have anything against them, but is instead motivated by the sheer excitement of the act.In the case where the two young boys acted out and killed one of their classmates for the â€Å"thrill† of it is a perfect example of the humanistic theory. Althou gh they were young they knew that killing someone for fun was wrong and they did it anyways. Their behavior was intentional and pre-determined. These terrible crimes are great examples of the humanistic idea and why it is the most important perspective when studying violence.

Comparing and Contrasting Views of Emotion Regulation

Everyone regulates their emotions and some better than others. A majority of the time we do not even realize we are doing so because of a very powerful unconscious. Emotion regulation is a relatively new section of psychology because it has yet to be extensively researched. Such unexplored areas tend to be even a little fuzzy to even the most understanding of researchers. James J. Gross of Stanford University is one of the comparatively few researchers in this field and has written many psychologically recognized papers on different aspects of emotion regulation. A significant article about the ideas of emotion regulation that also states many conducted experiments is titled â€Å"Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. † Many of his articles and ideas closely relate to the ideas contained within Benedict Carey’s New York Times article entitled â€Å"Mind-Polishing Tools for Your Fuse Box of Emotions. †While these two articles by Gross and Carey both narrowly focus on a small portion of today’s psychological knowledge, there is a sharp contrast in their views of the topic. Perhaps by preferences of the author or what may be lack of knowledge on the author’s behalf, it is more than pure scientific evidence that produced such similar articles that differ on so many levels at the same time. Both written materials of course have an audience, but the audiences to which they appeal are entire opposites. Both authors tend to also have slightly differing views it seems but it is apparent in what they have written that they both coincide on the idea that poor emotion suppression plays its largest role in the social environment. However, even though suppression is a main focus for both, Carey’s article tends to drift towards seeing suppression in a mostly negative light. The New York Times, the source of Carey’s popular press article, is more directly aimed toward the general public with the intent of informing. Therefore, the emotion regulation article doesn’t assume the reader knows anything about the subject and so starts off by introducing the topic and slowly works its way further into topic while never really going too far into scientific depth. Instead of using made-up examples as Gross does which may not be relative to the general public, Carey chooses real-life examples that tend to be more connected to the everyday life of U. S. citizens as goes his opening sentence: â€Å"The longing for President Obama to vent some fury at oil executives or bankers may run deeper than politics† (Carey, 2010, para. 1). Such statements appear to be just an example, yet they also hold the author’s view of the situation, especially in an opening sentence. Such views usually set the tone or attitude for the rest of the article. This is not so, however, in one of Gross’s first statements where his example in one that has no depth: â€Å"Sometimes, emotions are triggered virtually automatically, such as when we recoil fearfully from a snake† (Gross, 2002). The example he uses, as previously stated, is not one that every person reading his article may know or have experienced but it also effective and contradicts the popular press article because it is an example which holds no emotional value. By not using emotion to shape his example, it is evident that Gross is not trying to persuade the reader to one view in any way, but rather just tells the facts. These forms of expressions are typical of a scholarly or peer reviewed article but that doesn’t mean that Carey couldn’t use this form of fact telling to get his point across. Content with emotional backup is favored by a reader just wanting a general picture because it makes for a more interesting read which is obviously Carey’s type of audience and not Gross’s. As far as content of the articles is concerned, it seems that the social consequences of emotion suppression are the bigger picture and focus of them both. Research in the past few years has found that people develop a variety of psychological tools to manage what they express in social situations, and those techniques often become subconscious, affecting interactions in unintended ways† (Carey, 2010, para. 6). Obviously what emotions we portray in interactions with others will affect the reactions of the partner and your own. Letting these emotions flow, whether positive or negative, seems to be a great way to release weight off your shoulders, so to speak. On the other hand, how we let emotions flow and to what extent has a major impact on our relationships with others. Positive portrayal of emotions is always the key to keeping healthy interactions. Even if it is anger that you are showing, sometimes letting the other person know why you are angry allows both of you to work on a solution which in turn is a positive consequence. Suppression is found to also lessen the psychological experience of a situation and also negatively decrease memory abilities during that period of time (Gross, 2002). Introverts therefore, keeping their personal feelings secret, would not mentally feel as strongly about an exciting event as someone who would greatly express their joy or excitement. So it seems that in this case, the more you show you’re excited, the more excited you become. Suppression then can be seen as a downward spiral to levels of low satisfaction, also known as the snowball effect. Although biases in published articles are regularly avoided, sometimes an author will include their beliefs about the topic more than they intend to. Biases generally are not an in-your-face way of illustrating an author’s view but rather a hidden and underlying focus that not only shows the author’s preference but unknowingly slightly persuades a reader to agree with the writer. One way of biasing toward one train of thought is to only state that one opinion that the author has and not the opposing view. Thus it can be seen that Gross is not biased toward suppression only being a negative social consequence through sentences like: â€Å"Compared to reappraisal, suppression leads individuals to share less of their positive and negative emotions, resulting in weakened social support, and even being less liked† (Gross, 2002). Being an author of a mainly research based article, Gross makes it clear that there is evidence that not only are there other forms of emotion regulation but different forms of suppression as well. In opposition to using other types of emotion regulation to further support evidence of suppressions consequences, Carey continues to use only examples of poor regulation to back up his conclusions. By mentioning that useful emotions are beneficial in certain settings, he veers away from going in depth about reappraisal because of how it might tone down his argument of how suppression is the main way that emotion regulation goes awry. Because Carey wrote this article in response to research and experiments about a scientific topic and not about social issues themselves, his bias is not a strong one or clearly apparent unless really evaluated as such. Largely due to less strict guidelines, popular press articles almost without fail are not just a write-up of facts but contain a viewpoint of some sort. This viewpoint not only shows the writers perspective but also generally allows the reader to decide for themselves what it is they choose to believe. Whether in light of the facts or in common beliefs, we can be sure that without a doubt emotion regulation controls all of our social interactions sometimes without us even noticing. However, Carey states that â€Å"people may choose the emotions they feel far more often than they are aware – and those choices, too, can trip up social interactions† (Carey, 2010, para. 17). Emotions may clearly show our feelings but the correct way to do so remains quite imperfect. With new studies like those discussed in Gross’s ending address to researchers there is still much to be learned about how we as humans can positively impact our own lives in how we regulate our emotions. If we can learn as developing youngsters how to affect our social habits we may very well see a decline in mental and social disorders in society. There are valuable strategies for different situations, the only trouble is deciding which one is right (Carey, 2010, para. 26). Mastering our own actions and portrayal of emotions will not ever reach perfection. These actions and feelings are often dealt with unconsciously so it is impossible to completely control them yet if we do control all that we can the world may very well be a more accepting environment and impact our own and other’s interactions for the better. Such hopes are more than likely the motivation for each of these authors to learn and write about the subject. Carey and Gross alike wrote for the greater good of informing about emotion regulation but their two articles were also not alike in so many ways. The context in which each author writes is ever so different for whom they are writing. More importantly though, the content the authors include paints a much bigger picture. Both articles focus on how poor emotion regulation has a huge consequence on our social lives. Their focuses differ however, because Carey focuses his article on how suppression is almost always a bad technique while Gross gives insight as to how there are different approaches of suppression and emotion regulation in general. To say the least, these two articles are comparatively alike in topic but contrast the divided views of the topic in whole, shedding new light on the future of emotion regulation.

Do The Right Thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Do The Right Thing - Essay Example However, the younger son of the Pizzeria owner, Vito, is different, because he is friend with Mookie (Lee, 1989). Everybody in the neighborhood is going about their business, on a hot and sunny day. The conflict in the movie revolves around the Sal’s Pizzeria, where he refuses to include any pictures of a black man in his list of the wall of fame. Buggin' Out is the character who sparks off the conflict about the wall of fame, by demanding that Sal should include some blacks, since he sells Pizza in a black neighborhood to the black people (Lee, 1989). However, Sal refuses and asserts that he is proud to be an Italian-American, and thus his wall of fame should only consist of the Italians. This argument degenerates into a confrontation, with Sal threatening to bash Buggin' Out, who has no support, except that of Raheem and Smiley. The whole activities of the day degenerates into chaos with the involvement of the police, with Buggin' Out starting a fight with a white man, while Mookie and Pino stages an argument regarding which race is better between the blacks and the Italians, which involves a lot of racist insults. However, the greatest of the fight occurs between Radio Raheem and Sal, who fights physically, and their fight spills into the street, which attracts all in the neighborhood, the police inclusive (Lee, 1989). The police appear and apprehend Radio Raheem, with one officer killing him, while Buggin' Out is arrested. Even after Radio Raheem is dead, the police continue to beat him up, demanding that he stop pretending. When the crowd of onlookers realizes that the police had killed Radio Raheem, they turn against them, and the police run away. Their anger is then turned against Sal’s property, which is then destroyed by the black community. The riot breaks in the whole neighborhood with the residents fighting against the police and the firefighters. Eventually, Smiley, who had set Sal’s Pizzeria on fire then creeps into the remain s of the burning building and hangs a picture of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., on the remains of the wall of fame. Nevertheless, in the first scene, both Mookie and Sal, who are the major representatives of Races end-up reconciling (Lee, 1989). Discussion Racism rears its ugly head through the expression of the discontent regarding the wall of fame. Despite the fact that there were other racist sentiments amongst the characters such as Pino in the previous scenes, the actual reality of the racisms breakout with the demand by Buggin' Out, that Sal should include pictures of blacks who were considered as heroes in his wall of fame, considering that he was running a Pizzeria in a black neighborhood, and selling the Pizzas to the blacks (Lee, 1989). This demand activates the racism in Sal, who responds by saying he is an Italian and is proud of that, and thus should only include the pictures of the Italians in the wall of fame. Sal threatens to bash Buggin' Out with a baseball bat, which then attracts both Radio Raheem and Smiley to support Buggin' Out (Lee, 1989). The whole issue degenerates into a major confrontation, which spills over the streets, and becomes the subject of the property destructions in the neighborhood. Mookie is another character who is a racist, and he

Review the general applications of monoclonal antibodies,emphasising Essay

Review the general applications of monoclonal antibodies,emphasising their advantage and limitations with specific examples - Essay Example They have received usage in the areas of medicine, molecular biology and biochemistry; when used in the field of medicine, they are identified from the end of the name of the non-proprietary medicine, is identified because it contains –mab in its name. This paper will explore the general applications of monoclonal antibodies, and the discussion will offer more emphasis to their limitations and advantages. Discussion Monoclonal antibodies are used in the field of medicine for the detection of different varieties of toxins, drugs or hormones. When used for this general purpose, they are aimed at the target area in the body of the individual. For example, when used to detect or stop the growth of cancer cells, these antibodies are targeted at the specific proteins found on the surfaces of some cancer cells. When injected into the body of the individual, these monoclonal antibodies locate the cancer cells and then attach themselves to the given cancer cells or antigens (Kontermann , 2005). In some cases, they are used on their own and in others conjugated with other substances. When naked monoclonal antibodies are injected into the body, they bind themselves to the target receptors or the antigens found on the cancer cells being targeted (Yarbo, Wujcik and Gobel, 2011). The advantages of using monoclonal antibodies include that when they are used to target some types of cancer cells, they will attach themselves to the particular receptors of the cancer cells, and then they stop the continuation of the growth of cancer cells. Some of the examples used for this purpose of treating cancerous growth include rituximab (Biburger, Weth and Wels, 2005). Rituximab is used for this curative purpose to treat some types of B-cell on-Hodgkin lymphoma. The second monoclonal antibody type is trastuzumab, which is used for the treatment of HER2-positive cancerous growths on breasts (American Cancer Society, 2008). The disadvantage of using monoclonal antibodies is that they can be attached to toxins, which are made from plants or bacteria. In the case that they are used to transport these toxins, the toxic element is likely to affect the targeted cancer cells as well as the normal cells of the patient (Yarbo, Wujcik and Gobel, 2011, p. 558-560). Towards resolving this issue, researchers are in the process of researching for antigens that affect the cancerous cells only, and not the normal cells. Monoclonal antibodies are used in the medical processes of radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunodetection of cancer, where some of the new variants of the antibodies can be targeted at the cell membranes of the cancerous cells of a patient (Goldenberg et al., 2006). The advantage of monoclonal antibodies when used for this purpose includes that they help in enhancing the background ratios of tumours and they also aid the delivery of higher dosages, as compared to the case when they are directly conjugated for use with other compounds (Rossi et al., 2006). The disa dvantages of using monoclonal antibodies in this manner include that the functionality of many of the drugs that have been developed is not approved by health and drug testing organizations. One of the new cancer drugs based on the working of monoclonal antibody technology is Ritoxin, which was approved for use in health institutions, by the FDA in November 1997 (Salvana and Salata, 2009). Monoclonal

Rooms Devision Operations Management Assignment - 1

Rooms Devision Operations Management - Assignment Example Front office is the departments found in an office that have direct and first contact with the customers. The department is sub divided into various segments. They include the marketing department, the sales department, service department that we as well have the receptionists. It is very important to highlight that the front office is therefore the department that welcomes and receives the guests and visitors to the accommodation or rather hospitality facility. The staff shows their warm and good reception by meeting the guests, greeting them, and discussing with them in depth about the reservation arrangements. The check in systems as well as the check outs is as well factors that the department conducts as they get into the rooms and as they leave the rooms. The staff there again ensures the provision of the key to the guests and ensures that proper security is accorded to the guests, the department as well has accounting and communication department that passes information and se ttles accounts (Sue 2001). The front office offers very crucial services that are considered to be very crucial to the customers and the actions that are done have massive consequences to the accommodation facility. ... This department issues the keys to the guests and takes them top the various rooms that they have allocated to them (Michael 2010). Communication The front office department has the messengers and the communication facilities that facilitate the easier passing of information among the employees and the guests. Information among the staff could be on the consultation of the availability of the bed space and any other service needed that would be for the satisfaction of the customers taste and for their well being. The guests can as well use the communication department in making advance reservations and making of other service orders while they are in the premises (Sue 2001). Security It is important to note that the font office has the security department. The security department is concerned on the safety and security of the guests, the property of the guests, the staff employed by the accommodation or hotel organization and also the facilities that belong to the organization. Secur ity is another crucial factor that is quite sensitive and should always be put into consideration by the management of any hospitality firm (Ahmed 2012). Sales and Marketing It is very normal that any institution that is business oriented has its main target as making profit. For a business to make profit there must be proper sales and marketing done. This is therefore the reason for the creation of the sales and marketing department. The sales and marketing service that the accommodation organization does is based on various factors. The quality of the service that is offered by the organization is a very crucial factor that markets an organization. Sales and marketing service as well can

Does My Generation Have a Role in America's Future Essay

Does My Generation Have a Role in America's Future - Essay Example I believe that my generation has a role to play in America’s future. My generation has a role to play in America’s future in the sense that it is a generation which continues to engage itself in new technology and innovations which make life easier for millions of Americans. We are a generation which continues to explore the latest technologies – technologies – which make tasks easier and more efficient to undertake (BBC News, 2). These technologies also make tasks faster and less energy consuming. Considering the fact that production lines often take up more of our natural resources on a daily basis, technological innovations which consume less energy and which accomplish tasks efficiently are important novelties in securing a sustainable future. We have a role to play in America’s future because we, more than any other generation, have a greater affinity to these technologies (BBC News, 2-3). We understand its usage more than our older counterpart s, and we are eager to embrace these technologies and their implications in our daily activities. Moreover, we are eager to learn more and explore more of these technologies and to consider where they can take us (BBC News, 2-4). These technological innovations also come in the form of digital technology. I have a role in America’s future because further developments in digital technology will be continuously introduced in our society (van’tHooft, p. 2). This digital technology will be easier for us to utilize because, from our earliest years in the academe, this technology will be used as medium of instruction. Digital technology will become a major part of our life and our primary means of conducting transactions, business, and other activities. The older generation would likely be having a more difficult time adjusting to the use of digital

Ontology and the Morality of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ontology and the Morality of Abortion - Essay Example It seems everyone has a view on this issue and all seem to want to have their say. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the human race has strong ties to its origins so in answering the question of if humans were once fetuses; many feel the answer to when life begins will also be uncovered. After researching the ontological issue of was a human being ever a fetus and the moral issue of what the arguments are for the various position on abortion: anti-abortion, moderate and strong, the question of the morality of abortion should become clear. Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence or reality. It is through ontology that the primary focus on the debate of abortion becomes the answer of one simple question, was a human being ever a fetus? Two of the most famous philosophers to debate this issue are Erin T. Olson and Lynne Rudder Baker. Their primary debate focuses on whether we are a person, or whether we are essentially persons. Baker takes on the view th at we are all essentially persons. The term person, as he defines it, is as a being capable of rational and moral activity. In this he argues that we could never have been something that was not a person, such as a fetus. He then takes this idea step further in saying that since only persons are moral agents and as a result have rights, no abortion ever has nor ever will violate any rights since non-persons, in this case fetuses, do not have any. This debate, though it seems logical, can hold many horrendous implications. If, in society, we view only those who are capable of rational and moral activity, as persons and therefore the only ones to have rights, many others besides the fetus could be excluded. Take for instance a man in a comma. In the comma state the man does not have the ability of ration or moral activity; he is in a sense a vegetable, same as a fetus. So according to this theory if he was an inconvenience then the plug could be pulled and it would be okay to let him die because he is not essentially a person. A new born, according to this theory, could also be deemed incapable of rational and moral activity, so in essence it is yet to be essentially a person, so therefore has no rights and if one so choose could be done away with. Another example would be a mentally handicap person, in many severe cases, the mentally handicap are incapable of rational and moral activity, therefore are they not considered essentially persons with rights. It seems that saying that only those with rational and moral activity are essentially persons and therefore have rights is a dangerous road to travel. Olson, however, takes on the view that we are not all essentially persons, but that each of us is essentially a member of the species, Homo sapiens, in short, an animal, a biological kind. He says that the properties of personhood are acquired by humans at some stage in their biological career, just like we acquire other properties like being a student, a mother, so on. So with this view all humans were once a fetus. If all human kind therefore was once a fetus, in the debate of abortion it would be wrong to kill or abort a human, despite what state it is in. This argument makes more logical sense as

Bonds are normally treated as low risk securities, though they are Essay

Bonds are normally treated as low risk securities, though they are rarely risk-free. Assess the risks associated with bonds. Discuss the implications of these r - Essay Example Bonds are one of the methods of raising capital by the issuer, apart from selling shares or taking a bank loan. Once issued, the bonds too can be traded in the open market like shares. Bonds, like other debts, can be structured in different ways. Bonds attract interest and the yield from the bond is the interest rate paid on the bond divided by the bond’s market price. Bonds are normally treated as low risk securities, specially the Government Bonds. Corporate bonds by blue-chip companies are also considered safe. Nevertheless, bonds are rarely risk free. There are various risks associated with bonds and can have far reaching impacts. The income from bond is usually fixed but interest rate fluctuations affect the capital value of investments. The yield and hence the market price always depends on the market environment. A bond investor would normally avoid investing in overvalued bonds where the risk of default far outweighs the extra yield. If a bond portfolio is well structured it would be diversified across a range of credits with no concentration in undue sectors or issuers. Even the highly rated bonds carry certain amount of risks. Bond may be called or redeemed before the maturity date. Poor management of the organization by the issuer may reduce or even destroy the value of the bond. If a company is doing very well and has surplus cash to pay the outstanding debts, they may call the bonds. They would result in lower rate of interest for the investor. The issuer may call back this bond and issue fresh bond with a lower rate of interest. Hence, if the bond has been called, there would be no interest paid on such bonds. Various economic risks affect the value of bonds. These include rate of interest and the inflation (Online, 2004). If a bond was issued before the interest rate increased, it will lose its vale if it is sold before the maturity date. This is because in such a situation its price is likely to be lower than par

Global finacial crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global finacial crisis - Research Paper Example Liquidity rate is the process of transforming solid assets into actual money. It is an indication of insufficient flow of finances. This work focuses on the global financial crisis with regards to its causes, effects and remedies among other aspects. This crisis was caused by several factors more so in the developed world. One of the major causes was the collapse of the real estate sector in 2006. This occurred when the sector lost its securities (pricing). The majority of major financial institutions had to close some operations since majority of them depend on the real estate. This happened when the U.S among other developed nations like United Kingdom established some policies that enabled citizens to own homes by creating a general platform for easy access of housing loans and mortgages. This was a predicament that the move would provide adequate capital to the banks through safe interests. This caused housing prices to reduce from 2006 to 2012. Several real estate agencies or co mpanies reported the greatest losses in the entire history of the sector. This could be indicated in the regional and international stock markets. The policy enables the majority to own their own homes, hence very few people were left to rent or purchase housing facilities from the real estate sector or agencies. ... Most of these companies are funded by institutional investors as well as foreign banks. This compelled President George W. Bush to declare insufficient bailout to the majority of the homeowners who could not repay their mortgage debts or loans. In short, the crisis was a result of policies that enabled citizens acquires loans to build their private residential structures, only for the majority of them to fail to pay their mortgage debts. The government had to offer some bail out, even though at some point, the president declared that were limited resources to offer such bailouts. Depreciation of house prices increased to an extent that such values were far much below the mortgages. This created a kind of foreclosure in the financial sector. From 2006, there was a kind of financial drain from the consumers; as a result, this weakened financial stability among the banking institutions. There was a huge pool of loan defaulters, which compromised the housing market and the national econo my as a whole. The loss was estimated to be trillions of U.S Dollars on a global scale. Much blame for the crisis is placed on the U.S government to establish some policies that encouraged direct deals between the citizens and the global or major financial institutions. History indicates that before 1970, United States ventured on a certain business or economy strategy where vital economic issues were enclosed to the government and not the public. During that period, there were limited deals between the governmental or global financial institutions and private developers, instead the government recognized corporations, companies or partners. Any party wishing to get some loans was to

Congestive Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Congestive Heart Failure - Essay Example These goals emphasize problematic areas in health care and explain evidence, as well as expert-derived answers to these problems. Identifying that sound system design is central to the delivery of safe and high quality health care, these goals mainly hub on system-wide solutions, where possible. Nurses, through their expertise, education, as well as superior assessment skills, are in a much better position to reduce the progression of congestive heart failure with both early identification and intervention. With the current rise of the number of people reporting congestive heart failure, nurses will be required to become primary providers for such patients. Also, keeping up with a prescribed plan of care and alterations in poor lifestyle behaviors can lead to an enhanced quality of life and a decrease in mortality (Cintron et al., 1983). Nurses these days are urged to encourage their patients to control diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; maintain an ideal body weight; quit smoking; restrict dietary sodium; and limit alcohol consumption. Nursing interventions can have the biggest impact on congestive heart failure patients in the abovementioned areas. A nurse can educate her patients concerning contemporary treatment options, as well as identify patients who might b enefit from recent modalities of therapy, for instance, implantable hemodynamic monitors and CRT (Cintron et al., 1983). As primary care practitioners, nurses have to develop proper, lasting relationships with electrophysiologists and cardiologists so as to make expedient referrals and efficiently comanage the patient with congestive heart failure (Cintron et al., 1983). A best practice is a technique or method, which has consistently revealed findings superior to those attained by other means, and which is utilized as a benchmark (Carthon et al., 2015). Furthermore, a "best" practice can grow to become better as enhacements are discovered. Best practice is regarded by

Compare the theme of outsiders in Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Compare the theme of outsiders in Frankenstein Essay D, so he wanted to join the terrorist group to seek revenge. In this respect Daz is similar to the monster, they are both willing to commit heinous crimes for vengeance. Del thats my brovver thay catch im raiding wiv Dred. Top him dont thay. This quote shows how Dazs brother was killing in a raid with Dred. After the night in the Blue Moon where he saved Zoe and her friends, Daz finds himself an outcast from two societies. He was still physically a chippy, which means he is not allowed in Silverdale; however, he helped out the enemy subbies which make him not an accepted chippy. After Daz and Zoe they contact each other through letters and finally when they meet, the reader recognise that Daz does not want to be a chippy. Throughout this novel we are constantly reminded of this forbidden love. I seen this Subby girl, our mam. Forget her, Daz. Not easy, our mam. Not easy. Daz is given a negative response from his mum, when he explains that he has met Zoe. However, once Daz meets Zoe he realises he does not want to be an outsider any longer, Dazs priorities and views of subbies change. Like Victor, Daz is very determined; he takes a lot of risks for Zoe and to make his life better. It appears to the reader that Zoe has the perfect life, money, nice houses, cars and good facilities. However it becomes evermore clear that Zoe feels trapped and unhappy. Zoe is an outsider because after she meets Daz, Silverdale citizens see her as a chippy lover. Thats why we have fences and lights and guards some kids get fed up being cooped up a suburbs a pretty nice place but any place with a fence aroundll get to you, eventually. This quote shows the reader how a Subby teenager can become fed up with the enclosed lifestyle. Zoe feels this because she is brainwashed into believing her existence is happy and enjoyable. Similar to Daz, when the two forbidden lovers meet her priorities changes. Zoe the loyal and hard working daughter rebels against her parents old fashioned and single minded views. Unlike Daz, Zoe is an outsider by choice. Her easiest option could have been to lead a normal life as a young, well-educated Silverdale resident. Nevertheless, Zoe decides to leave the suburb and live in the city, choosing to become an outsider from two societies. Zoe chooses to be an outsider and is similar to Victor; she sees that defending things that are important to her holds great risks. For the first time I contemplated the enormity of the step I had just taken This quote shows how Zoe realises that she has left her Subby life to live in the city; this is the first physical sign of her becoming an outsider. In Daz 4 Zoe Zoes Grandmother is not an obvious outsider. To begin with Grandma is not a visible outsider, although later we go on to find she is the founder of the illegitimate organisation. She is very similar to Robert Walton as they are both outsiders in their thoughts and views, however they are not outcasts. Grandma was part of an underground outfit called F. A. I. R, which stands for Fraternal Alliance for Integration through Reunification. Resembling Victor, Robert Walton and Zoe, she is an outsider through choice and these views influence Zoe. Daz 4 Zoe and Frankenstein both discuss outsiders in society, and how people can be born outcasts and how others chose to be secluded from society because of their ambitions, beliefs or interests. We read how Daz and the Monster we forced into seclusion, isolated from society. Also how Zoe, Victor, Grandma and Robert Walton choose to live their lives dangerously and even unhappily because of their thoughts. The nineteenth century literature and the contemporary novel are relevant to todays society. In the present culture we have different castes, religions, races even different accents, Daz 4 Zoe shows an extreme version of abused power and prejudice. Due to advances in medical science in the present day limbs can be sewn on, body parts reshaped new skin tissue be formed. Frankenstein again shows excessive power, since the novel was written we have had cloning and artificial body parts The two novels both are severe results of social issues we have today. I feel the moral of the two novels combined is that with no action, modern society could find themselves in these difficult situations. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? Search for

Richards Perspective On Clt And Teaching Conversation English Language Essay

Richards Perspective On Clt And Teaching Conversation English Language Essay Majority of language instructors presume CLT as teaching conversation, an absence of grammar or an emphasis on open ended discussion activities (Richards 2003) while according to what Jack C. Richards mentioned in his communicative language teaching today CLT can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kind of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom. This vapid insipid thought, however, should not be regarded as plausible. Flashing back to the early days of CLT, we see it as an offspring of Audio-lingual Method although it had its focus shifted from behaviorism to real learners needs. On the other hand, looking at its new up-to-date version, we see a great shift from meaning-form based to be totally meaning based. That is why Richards concretely explains CLT as letting the learner grab the language through using it to do things rather than through studying how language works and practicing rules or people learn a language through communicating it. Richards named these two versions of CLT. He asserted that the first one is classical CLT, starting from 1970s to 1990s and the latter one is current CLT. He called all the previous methods Traditional approaches. This study examines the first two methods with a brief introduction on the third one. Traditional Approaches (up to late 1960s) Traditional approaches is a term used by Richards to refer to approaches like ALM or structural-situational approach; also known as situational language teaching. The entire curriculum in these methods shed lights on grammar, that is, every aspect of a language class, from teaching to evaluation, revolves around grammar and its appropriate use in appropriate context. Although traditional methods have some parts in accordance with the current culture and they use dialogues as a prominent exercise, all the parts are for the purpose of mastering the grammar not for reaching communicative competence-using the appropriate language in the real context. To clear everything up lets walk through approach: 1.Students first hear a model dialogue (either by the teacher or on tape). In this procedure students are introduced to the new grammar rule with reminding the previous forms studied via a cultural text. After listening to the dialogue students are supposed to repeat each line after the teacher or the tape. The instructor here pays careful attentions to pronunciation, intonation, and fluency .corrections are immediate and direct even if they interrupt the flow of speech. 2. Key words of the dialogue are changed repeatedly through practice-with actually keeping the grammar rule the same- to help the learner stick the grammar rule in to their mind. 3. Some selected grammatical rules will be the focus of the following exercises. These exercises are structured on the basis of over repetition to make the grammar a part of subconscious mind. That is using it spontaneously when its needed. All the exercises are controlled to ban any type of possible mistake; actually, creativity is not welcomed at all in these methods. Some grammatical explanation may be offered at this point, but this is kept to absolute minimum. 4. After oral exercises come the written ones. Students may be referred to their text books to have some reading, writing or vocabulary activities on the basis of the dialogue presented. 5. Further practice to thoroughly master the form is done in the language laboratory. In sum Richards brings up the P-P-P lesson structure: Presentation: is actually the presentation of the new grammar point inductively. The instructor explains the new structure and makes sure of students comprehension of it. Practice: In a controlled context students practice the use of the grammar point. Production: In a much freer context, and yet controlled, students à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬with the teacher`s monitoring-use their own c1ontent or information for furthered practice, in order to develop fluency with the new pattern. All these syllabus designs lead to great accuracy at the cost of loosing fluency. However, under the influence of CLT all the form-based methodologies are modified to be in sync with communicative competence .this fluency-first pedagogy have accuracy activities such as such as grammar practice been replaced by fluency activities based on interactive small-group work. This approach paves the way for Richard`s Classic Communicative Language teaching. Classic Communicative Language Teaching (1970s to 1990s) This method was a reaction to traditional ones modifying them by the insertion of Communicative competence. As explained in Richard`s applied linguistic dictionary, the term communicative competence is broken down to 4 parts: Grammatical competence: that is the knowledge of the grammar, vocabulary, morphology and phonology of a language. GC was of highest importance in all traditional methods. It is argued in CLT that communicative competence and not simply grammatical competence ,should be the goal of language teaching Sociolinguistic competence: according to Richard`s Dictionary of Applied Linguistics it is Knowledge of the relationship between language and its nonlinguistic context, knowing how to use and respond appropriately to different types of speech acts, such as requests, apologies, thanks, and invitations knowing which address form should be used It is highly associated with interlocutors age, sex, and ethnic groups. Traditional grammatical and vocabulary syllabuses and teaching methods did not include information of this kind. It was assumed that this kind of knowledge would be picked up informally. Discourse competence: the knowledge of knowing how to begin and end conversations. Strategic competence: the communicative strategies used for covering the weakness in conveying the message in communications. In former methods, i.e. traditional grammatical and vocabulary syllabi, there is no trace of these kinds of information. They were believed to be learned informally. However, Richards (2003) argues that communicative competence and not simply grammatical competence should be the goal of language teaching. He added some more practical aspect of language use to this new method to make it more tangible: Purposes for which the leaner wishes to acquire the target language The setting in which the student want to use the target language Role of the learners, for instance, as a traveler, as a sales person talking to their clients. Communicative competence: everyday situations, vocational or professional situations, academic situations and so on. ( 2003) Language functions: what the learner will be able to do with or through language Discourse and rhetorical skills He also added grammatical content and lexical content to make his method comprehensive He defined two types of syllabus: skill-based syllabus, functional syllabus. In the first one the main focus is on four skills -speaking, reading, writing, and speaking- this one sort of covers ESP (English for specific purposes) in a way that it gives each skill its specific look by the use of needs analysis. Usually it overcomes the differences in vocabulary choice, grammar, functions, and particular skills. The latter one, however, consider the functions the students should be able to carry out in English. This syllabus best suits speaking and listening courses. Current communicative language teaching ( from 1990s up to current time) This new up-to-date version of CLT mainly focuses on students needs and learning. According to Richards this method is a set of agreed upon principles that help the learner acquire the language with the respect of social nature of learning. They usually give more attention to unity of language through current methodologies of communication and interaction. In short, it could be said that giving more attention to psychological aspects of learning led to the emergence new CLT.

The Goals Of Positive Youth Development Young People Essay

The Goals Of Positive Youth Development Young People Essay Positive Youth Development focus on building or promoting positive qualities in adolescents and focus on adolescents development in a social context, including the family, school and/or community (Catalano et al., 2002) . It suggests that good life can be encouraged by identifying individual strengths of character and fostering them (Seligman. 2002). Positive youth development goal is to build and strengthen personal qualities that enable adolescents to grow and flourish throughout life (Park, 2004). Positive youth development suggests that by focusing on adolescents strengths, the impact of negative risk factors will be reduced (Thornberry, 1995). Focusing on adolescents strengths in multiple domains, such as family, school, and community, is what is particularly important in buffering adolescents from the effects of risk factors (Thornberry, 1995). Positive youth development sets the main guidelines as to how we can best support adolescents healthy development. Lerner (2005) states that Positive youth development outcomes can be identified as the Five C; Competence (academic, social, vocational skills), Self-Confidence, Connectedness (healthy relationship to community, friends, family), Character (integrity, moral commitment), Caring and Compassion (Lerner at al., 2005). Positive youth development focuses on the adolescents pos itive outcomes rather than negative outcomes (Catalano et al., 2002). The positive youth development approach aims to provide the maximum impact on the life-path of adolescents (Catalano et al., 2002). Youth development suggests long-term outcomes. Adolescents who consistently experience healthy attitudes and clear expectations for positive behaviour within their families, schools, and communities are less likely to become involved in risky behaviours, especially if they have developed strong bonds to the individuals and social groups within these settings (Garmezy, 1971). Adolescents have to experience and embrace the newly acquired skills and positive relationships over a long period of time to be effective. Positive youth development strategies have to accompany adolescents throughout their growing up years. While short term positive outcomes are important and should be built on, Positive youth development suggests positive long term outcomes.(Park, 2004). The Positive Youth Development focuses on building on the adolescents strengths, talents and interests encouraging wellness as much as on remedying deficits. Youth development strategies target all adolescents. It suggests that creating supportive and enriching environments for all adolescents will lead to positive outcomes as well as reduced negative outcomes (Lerner, 2004). The Positive Youth Development perspective stemmed from the work of comparative psychologists who had been studying the plasticity of developmental modes that emerged from the fusion of biological and contextual levels of organisation (Benson et al., 2006). The work of Garmezys (1983) ideas about the invulnerable child, which suggests that adolescents protective factors can reduce the impact of risk factors, followed by Werners (1982) work on resiliency were the cornerstone for the positive youth developmental approach (Damon, 2004). In 1997 Benson focused on the developmental assets, idea, which explains the adolescents positive characteristics in contrast to the incapacities of adolescents. The exploration of adolescence by developmental scientists interested in developmental systems theory resulted in the elaboration of the Positive Youth Development perspective (Benson et al., 2006). The Positive Development Perspective Versus the Deficit View The exploration of a strength- based ideal promotes the concept of positive human development (Lerner, 2004). Since the founding of the scientific study of adolescent development (Hall, 1904), the predominant conceptual frame for the study of adolescence has been one of prevention and elimination of risk factors that make adolescents and youth vulnerable to maladaptive behaviours ( Benson et al., 2006). The goal of Positive Youth Development is not merely restricted to surviving in the face of adversity but actually growing throughout life (Lerner, 2007). Interventions targeting only one single problem have come under criticism. Broad based interventions can therefore have broad effects. Thus programs that promote wellness and building strengths such as character strength among youth and sustain it across the life span may pay much greater dividends, not only preventing in the short run disorders but also building the long run moral, healthy, and well developed people who can over come challenges in life and enjoy the good life (Albee 1996; Cowen 1994,1998; Durlak 1997;Elias 19995) Catalano, Berglund, Ryan, Lonczak, and Hawkins (1999) noted that problem behaviours are tracked more often than positive ones and, while an increasing number of positive youth development interventions are choosing to measure both, this is still far from being the standard in the field. The Positive Youth Development approach suggests that adolescents are resources to be developed, and not as problems to be managed (Roth Brooks-Gunn, 2003a,b). It builds on the idea of resilience and protective factors; suggesting that adolescents have the personal strength and resilience to help them avoid problems such as alcohol, drugs, and school violence (Luthar, Cicchetti, Curtis, 2000). People are pleased when intervention programs reduce the rates of drug abuse or teenage crime. However there are few positive indicators to which people may point to reflect the desirable, healthy, and valued behaviours among their children and adolescents (Lerner, 2004). Replacing the deficit view of adolescence, the PYD model regards adolescents as having strengths. The PYD model suggests that increases in well-being and thriving are possible for young adolescence through aligning the strengths of adolescents with developmental assets present in their social and physical ecology (Lerner, 2005). Earlier prevention programs only focused on the reduction of the influence of well-established risk factors for the development of problem behaviours. The health and well-being of adolescents require as much attention to promoting developmental strengths as to directly combating risk, environmental threats, and social dysfunctions that obstruct human development (Benson, 2006). These two approaches ought to be complementary and in balance. Positive Youth Development Enhances the Well Being of Young People Positive Youth development program strive to build strengths, competence, and positive qualities in children (Catalano et al., 2002). Earlier prevention programs only focused on the reduction of the influence of well- established risk factors for the development of problem behaviours. The Positive Youth Development approach focuses on lowering the impact of developmental risks and increasing the influence of protective factors. Protective factors are targeted by prevention strategies aimed at influencing a wide range of different problem behaviour being developed ( Jessor, 1995). School based substance prevention programs can be effective in reducing consumption rates of substance during adolescences (Tobler et al., 2000). Such programs employ interactive teaching methods, thus providing contact and communication opportunities between students, encouraging refusal skills, allowing feedback to be received in a non-threatening climate, and enabling students to practice acquired skills. Along with the interactive teaching approach, PYD prevention programs promote resistance, assertiveness, communication, and problem solving skills against social pressure (WHO, 1997). The characteristics for effective prevention programs against adolescent substance misuse can best be reflected in life skills programs implemented within school or community setting ( Tobler Stratton, 1997) The life skill program can help adolescents through; Enhancing a Sense of Personal Safety Adolescents need to have a sense of physical and emotional security, they need to feel that adults will protect them from any emotional or physical harm. It is important for adolescents to feel less apprehensive of negative outcomes when failing to achieve certain goals, thus adolescents need to be encouraged to take positive risks Youth at a program feel as though the adults there will protect them from any physical harm. Young people who are encouraged to take positive risks without negative consequences for their mistakes become less fearful of failure and more likely to pursue stretch goals, objectives they might once have rejected as out of their reach (Seligman, 2002). Encouraging Relationship Building Adolescents need many supportive relationships to help them navigate their adolescence. They need guidance from adults as well as emotional and practical support from their peers. Research has identified these adult-child and peer relationships as the key to helping young people overcome the obstacles of adolescence and adolescence relationships (Lerner, 2004). Fostering Meaningful Youth Participation Simple participation is not enough to promote positive youth development: youth must have an active role in shaping the program. They must have the opportunity to practice and develop leadership skills by planning projects, initiatives, and activities (ODonnell et al., 1995).Giving youth a meaningful role in the program will heighten their sense of belonging to the program, fostering deeper relationships with the adult staff and other youth participants (Park, 2004). Providing Opportunities for Community Involvement Young people are often looking for a sense of purpose. Creating opportunities for young people to become involved in the community, and for community members to interact with youth, is a powerful way to foster this sense of purpose (Larson, 2000). It is also a successful and innovative way of advancing community change. Life skills programs encourage a mutualism relationship between the youth of a community and the community as a whole. By engaging in dialogue and action together, youth can learn more about the community in which they live, giving them greater respect for it, and preparing them to become active and responsible citizens within it. At the same time, the community can overcome negative stereotypes about the young, and gain a greater understanding of the assets of the youth who live there. Positive Youth Development in relation to working with adolescents. PYD perspective presents a real shift in thinking of how we provide services for young people. It suggests that motivation results from using reinforcers effectively. Focusing on adolescents character strength and nurturing positive skills can actually increase intrinsic motivation and increases adolescents sense of autonomy, achievement, and the understanding of why we succeed and fail (Benson, 2006). Positive Youth development challenges communities to take a new look at its resources and how they can be used to support young people. Positive Youth Development perspective helps adolescents take responsibilities for their own learning by setting and monitoring goals, using positive personal skills, and employing effective strategies. In addition, teacher characteristics including personal teaching efficacy, modelling, caring, and high expectations together with classroom climate and instructional variables to enhance motivation. Motivation is increased when adolescents work in a safe and orderly environment, experience success, understand tasks and the reasons from them, and experience optimal challenge, Instructors can increase adolescents motivation by preparing attractive activities and tasks, involving the adolescents, personalising content, and providing informative feedback. Life is full of different stresses and risks. Neither society nor parents can completely protect children from them, it is the children who themselves have to meet these challenges (Lerner, 2000). However we can prepare them to overcome adversities in life and further more to thrive. By identifying important developmental strengths such as character strengths and life satisfaction by facilitating their development, and by strengthening and maintaining them, we can help youth achieve the healthy, happy, and good lives that they all deserve (Benson, 2006).

Adolescence in The Master of Disaster by Guy Vanderhagae Essay

Adolescence marks the turning point of an individual's life, establishing the foundation of their development. It is during this phase that individuals leave behind the comfort of childhood and enter a reality beset with new perceptions of life. There are many stages of life, each enclosing its own distinct characteristics. As evident in the short story, The Master of Disaster, written by Guy Vanderhaeghe, adolescence involves growth as an individual, both physically and emotionally. Although each phase has its own challenges and difficulties, adolescence proves to be the most difficult stage of life to overcome. Through examination of the situations in the story, it becomes apparent that adolescence involves experiencing emotional conflicts between friends, searching for one's identity amid a period of change and overcoming the negative influence of peer pressure. Adolescence is a stage of life, overwhelmed by emotional conflicts between friends. It is a period of time where emotional instincts are weighed more than good judgement, when making decisions that will alter the outcome of the future. As evident in the story, there exists a strong emotional bond between Bernie and Kurt, "Whatever I withheld from Hiller, whatever would have been unspeakable in the company of the others was confided to Kurt Meinecke." (Vanderhaeghe, 59) It is apparent that trust is the foundation of their friendship. Trust is the firm belief in the reliability, truth and strength of an individual. However, Bernie decides to betray this trust, in choosing not to advise him of the intentions of Norman Hiller, "Norman was the flashy type, the guy who collected followers, collected them the way he did baseball cards and Superman comic boo... ...ents experience a time of mixed emotions between friends. They tend to make decisions, not with their head, but instead with their heart. Furthermore, adolescence is the turning point, through which individuals shape their identity. However, this proves to be difficult during a period of change, mentally and physically. Finally, within this transition, young people have the tendency to find reassurance in their peers. Nevertheless, this can often lead to negative peer pressure. The need for acceptance exists, so they are inclined to be vulnerable to influence. In a fast paced society, where constant change is inevitable, the transition from child to adult proves to be the most difficult. It is at this point in life, that adolescents shape the outcome of the future. Work Cited Vanderhaeghe, Guy.  Things as They Are?  Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992.

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays - Holden Runs, be He Cannot Hide :: Catcher Rye Essays

Catcher in the Rye - Holden Runs, be He Cannot Hide While reading Catcher in the Rye, one can easily see that Holden has a certain romantic view about his world. Holden thinks in a particular romantic way about almost everyone and everything. This unusual view upon the world actually hinders Holden rather then helps him throughout the story. By his own actions Holden is harming himself, not necessarily physically. Holden has an idealized view of the world, is introspective, and he celebrates the freedom of his spirit. Holden has a romantic view because he has an idealized outlook of the world. One example is when Holden lies. He knows that this is a vile trait, yet he keeps on doing it. This is a part of Holden's character yet, deep in his heart he loves lying to people. For example, when he was on the train with Mrs. Morrow, he goes way off on a wild story and has difficulty keeping with reality. ` "Rudolf Schmidt," I told her. I didn't feel like giving her my whole life history. Rudolf Schmidt was the name of the janitor of our dorm' (Salinger 54). In the future, this will hinder him because lying can catch you from behind when one least expects it. The way he thinks about people is another part of Holden's idealized view that gets in his way. Most of the time Holden is talking about how everyone is a pretender. This is a bad habit because Holden is pretty much judging the people without even actually having met them most of the time. `Old buddyroos. It was nauseating. The funny part was, they probably met each other once, at some phony party' (Salinger 127). This hinders him a lot because many of the people in this book seem like normal people yet, in Holden's eyes, they seem like the worst of the worst. Many of these people might actually have helped him. Especially in the case of Luce, Holden acted like a baby and this hurt him a lot. The last thing that Holden does, due to his idealized view of the world is quite strange. Holden at some random points in the book, just thinks of a crazy idea.

Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization

Nowadays many organizations like to emphasize on gaining a competitive advantage in the market. The advance equipments, new technology, good marketing strategic, excellent customer services and many other elements can be the factors to build up for the advantages. However, human resource is still the most important element to determining the success or failure of an organization. Without their support, the organization daily business function will not be done well and ready. Human resource is always related to one organization profitability and their ability cannot be replaced by machines. As is discussed by Hargreaves and Jarvis (1998: 3) The skills, knowledge and experience of each individual contribute to the growth of organizations, communities and nations. Such valuable human talent can be thought of in terms of human capital and is one of the primary requirements for national economic development. 138 Strategic human resource management is playing an important role as organization development in today’s competitive market. Organizations recognise the importance of focusing on the human factor to contribute ideas in order to improve the productivity. They design the recruiting plan to approach talent peoples, training and develop them in order to perform those competencies. The organization put in affords to meet the expectation of the employees so that create a workplace atmosphere among the employees (Upson, 2011). Ironically, while human resources are the most important asset in an organization, they are also the cost involved during the training activity. As is stated by Outlow (1998), the organization suffers the cost if they employed the wrong candidate for the job. Such costs can be calculated in direct and hidden cost. Direct cost can be considered as recruitment advertisement, conduct new training for new staffs, medical check up and so on. Also, the company will found the hidden cost in such that way of lower morale among old employees. Some of the organization will try to approach the peoples which are lack of working experience and not qualified enough as required for the job, here may cause some of the clients lost their loyalty towards the organization due to the poor customer services. Therefore, the organization must be smart to engage, select and retain the talented employees in order to maintain the organization productivity. 228 Human resource development programs always contribute a lot of benefits to the organization. George and Singh (2000 :14) defines The role of human resource development is provide the individual with the learning experience necessary to fill the gap in an employee’s knowledge and skill, to ensure his continued ability to perform efficiently and effectively in his job, and thereby contribute to the productivity of the organization. Since it has been note the major factor affecting the organization productivity is the human factor, many organizations willingness to invest human resources development program in the areas of communication skills, problem solving ability, leadership qualities, creativity and others related skills. Employees are able to obtained new skills and knowledge in the training programs in order to contribute to the organisational development such as productivity improvement, preparation for organization’s growth, developing the learning culture and so on. The effectiveness of the training programs can evaluate and monitor regularly in order to increase the employee performance and thereby increase the productivity. Therefore, trainer who has to decide how to choose and manage the trainees, assist them in learning new skills and also develop their personality by change the trainee’s behaviour. 160 Organizations always encounter many challenges to retain those valuable employees. They always spent plenty of times to deal with employees who have intention to leave their job position. In fact, management should find out the causes what makes the employees feel satisfied about their job. The result is not only reduces employee turnover, but also greater commitment to the organization and the job they are doing. Every employee have different goals and motivation for work, the organizations must understand what employees really needs and wants and implement the strategies in order to retain the resources. Sirota et al (2005) mentioned the employees have their basic human needs that management should work for it. Creating an environment in which all requires are met not only can satisfied the employees but also enthusiastic them. Also, creating a financial package with good remuneration can attracts and motivates the employees is essential for stable workforce. A happy and healthy workplace makes the employee satisfaction increased and come out the high productivity. Always keep them happy and engaging them, allow them growing in the organization. Another key point to retain the talents which is maintains the good relationship with employee by communication. This theory holds that always create an opportunity to open and begin the conversation with the employees. This will helps to promote the proactive solutions to the problems before it reach a critical level cause an employee to consider leaving Sirota et al (2005). From the proper conversation between management and the employees, the organization in-house policies and regulations can comprehensively understand by the employees to ensure their compliance. These practices benefit both the organization and also employees. Phoenix(2010) noted that organization enjoys best performances of their employees while the employees enjoy the great benefits received from the company. 240 Every business begins from sales to customer service, it is all depends on employees to functional. Marcus (2010) mentioned, employee empower the business to keep running as usual even though the management is away. The organization can become more productivity and effectiveness if the employees have been sufficiently motivated and well trained (Rouda and Jr, 1995). Human resources really give a great impact to the contribution of an organization performance. They are the one who make things happen, that is the reason stated that human resource is the most important assets in an organization as they are the competitive weapon for a growing business in current competitive market.

Eng 102 Poetry Essay

Denise K. Steen February 28, 2012 English 102 Option 2 Reflections indwellingly is a non-traditional stanzaic verse do up of volt stanzas manipulateing thirty- quadruple borders that do non form a particular calculated emblemwrite. Rather it is supported by its thematic organize. Each of the five stanzas vary in the get along of arguings that to each virtuoso contain. The initial stanza is a sestet containing sise crinkles. The very(prenominal) canister be observed of the succor stanza. The trinity stanza contains octette strains or an octave. Stanzas cardinalsome and five ar oddly in that their trope of aviations which atomic number 18 five and order.Beginning with the for the for the scratch railroad time time nisus in the first stanza, The Earths cool melodic set phrase verbalize to me, the verse examined deep cross out this trend is tritime, containing s crimson syllables, iambic and anapaestic. The siemens patronage in the stanza, He said, catch to be free, also tri quantify, continues with the iambic syllable and introduces a trochee at purport its six syllables. The dinner dress characteristics of the first devil livestocks in conjunction with its text edition edition suggests a seeingly placid get-go with a hint of possibility that something is about to swap. For example, the bar is the same and the structure of the syllables in each rake atomic number 18 similar with sylph equivalent differences.The troika rail trend line, fly with me, in my winds everyplace the seas. contains five feet of meter or pentameter, whither the dibrach syllable is introduced to accompany the precedently introduced trochee and iambic syllables in this nine syllable line. The continuance of the second clock time into line three and past closes after seas, pai wild with the throw in meter, suggests the prohibit of consis 10cy and a rise in to what is to trace. Be the member that I need. , the after part , octader syllable line, is compose in trimeter with trochee and anapaestic syllables.This line returns us to the acquainted(predicate) public opinion of the first ii lines repeating the trimeter with trochee and anapestic syllables that ar present thither. The nonp beil-fifth line, Without you, dissipated winds I stir, nine iambic, spondee and anapestic syllables are writ decennary in tetrameter. The operate line of the first stanza, transaction my aro consumption from higher up smasher the Earth. is write in hexameter, containing twelve syllables of trochee, iambic and dibrach meters. The fifth and sixth line combined contain all of the syllables use in the first quartet lines of the stanza iambic, trochee, spondee, anapestic and dibrach.This combination suggests the vastness of all the elements of the first four lines and besides are reiterate here. Unlike the disorganised plot of meter by actor ofout the first stanza, the poesy scheme is more conformable. manful create verbally is present here with an supplant frost of aabbcc me, free, seas, need, stir, Earth. This more consistent conventionality continues into the second stanza. In the side by side(p) six lines of the second sestet the pattern becomes understandably parallel to its text. The s eveningth line, As I refuse, the leaf started to pound, is measured in pentameter with iambic and pyrrhic syllables.The eighth line, and I wondered if his know would ever be found. , repeats the pentameter and the iambic syllable precisely chucks the pyrrhic and is replaced by the anapestic syllable. The difference in the softness of the pyrrhic two weak syllables and the anapest, two un argue syllables followed by a sharper stressed syllable is symbolic of the text, exhibiting compassion during sanatorium. The ninth line, I commit when the first laser like faint-heartedning bats the sky, fourteen syllables in hexameter with iambic, anapest and an added spondee sy llable suggests a rise in the event. The tenth line, the Earths glory surely died. exhibits a worsening in its eight syllables from its old fourteen. on that point is also a drop in meter from hexameter, six feet, to tetrameter of four feet. Lastly, a drop in the type of syllables in these two lines leaves us with the iambic and spondee. These obvious declines in the formal characteristics of the text are synonymous to a decline in life or plainly death. Again in the eleventh and twelth lines of the second stanza, Dirt gray haze overs filtered the air above, And fitting as I began to cry, we see a repeated pattern of the tetrameter and over once more the iambic, anapestic and spondee syllables while dropping the anapest in the twelth line.This symbolizes the old(prenominal) that is about to proceed in the text. The poesy scheme in the second stanza ddeefg brings us to an end in the texts sexual relation to the Earths cool breeze clean as the verse line pattern discon tinues from its former flow, aabbcc. The ternary stanza which attach the middle of the metrical composition begins, The marine said, Come flow freely with me with ten syllables written in pentameter accompanied by iambic, spondee and trochee syllables. A steady rhythm in meter is noted in the next four lines which declines to trimeter for all four lines. cable fourteen, and the creatures in my seas. contains pyrrhic, trochee and anapestic syllables. The fifteenth line in trimeter, Here your bursts pass on disappear, contains for the first time in the poem, a dactyllic syllable accompanied by the iambic syllable. neckcloth sixteen, and your worries forget cease. contains again the iambic syllable in a flair accompanied by the pyrrhic syllable. The stand line in the series of trimeter lines is line xvii which states, Be the element that I need. . concludes the metered pattern. In lines fourteen with seventeen the meter is measured the same, however there is a bare-as s element added to the syllables previously used in the rootage stanzas.The repeated trimeter is apocalyptical of familiar power exclusively the new syllable is symbolic of the relation to the new element in the text, the Ocean. A change, line eighteen, Without you, spartan waters leave behind come to the shores, spikes with its thirteen syllables written in an disposed meter of pentameter and includes a mesh of anapest, dactyl, pyrrhic and iambic syllables indicating a heightening of sentience or danger. linage nineteen continues, affair the nuisance from my sea floors, declines to tetrameter while life littleness containing a mess of syllables, the dactyl, trochee, spondee and iambic, suggesting a attentiveness in warning.The twentieth line concludes, and the Earths impose allow be no more. , declines to eight syllables written in tetrameter now whole including the pyrrhic, spondee and iambic syllables is suggestive of a remnant reasonable plea before chaos begin s again. The create verbally scheme in the third stanza is not star of an established category, hh (end hoarfrost me, seas) ii (internal rhyme tears, disappear) hh (end rhyme) jjj (end rhyme shores, floors, more). at that place is almost an asymmetrical balance in the third stanza surrounded by the consistent formal characteristics much(prenominal) as the repeated meter and rhyme scheme to the variance in usage of syllables. twain are about lucifer in presence suggesting that peace exists deep down the chaos of the text. In the stern stanza we provide observe how the text begins to glide by with its formal characteristics and signals a coming to a close or better phrased, resolution. The 20 first line continues, As I rejected the offer he had for me, a familiar variation of line seven, is written in hexameter with iambic, pyrrhic and trochee syllables. The next line, duster waves began to crash rythmically lowers to tetrameter and contains nine syllables, spondee, iam bic and dactyl.Here the street corner in meter is suggestive in comparison to the text and signals to the reader a familiar situation seen earlier in the text. t iodine twenty three continues on, and only as I began to overwhelm, eight syllables written in tetrameter, again, accompanied only by pyrrhic and iambic syllables signifies a hault in the pace of the text, an separate change, a possible resolution. Line twenty four spread abroads a slight change, A channelize of light struck through and within, although the meter is the same as the drop dead, the pyrrhic syllable is dropped and the anapest is added while continuing with the iambic syllable.The last line in the stanza continues, the clouds and shown down on the Oceans consistency. , one step up from tetrameter to the supporting pentameter and a few added syllables as seen before, the pyrrhic, iambic, trochee and anapestic. Stable with a slight change in formal characteristics indicates a window of hope, an open door or a light at the end of the tunnel, when compared to its undetermined matter. It is here where high quality truly begins to invent an appearance. The rhyme scheme in the fourth stanza is much like the pattern in the first stanza with one exception.The pattern seen here in the fourth is as follows kkllm (me-rhythmically, swim-within, torso). There is no pairing rhyme for m. Suggesting that the arena has lost something between the first and the fourth stanza. The final and fifth elongated stanza of nine lines begins, It was the Earths bugger off star and she said,, in ten syllables of pentameter with trochee and iambic syllables. The twenty seventh line, render your fear and dry up that tear, has eight syllables presented in tetrameter, one less than the previous line, and one more type of syllable accompanies trochee and iambic, the spondee.The meters difference and the difference of the syllables can be interpreted as an intoduction to something new, Earths grow star. Lin e twenty eight continues the statement, that runs down your red cheek. , again a lesser amount of meter is found here as it is written in trimeter and accompanied by two types of syllables, the trochee and spondee. A slowing in the meter of these first three lines in the last stanza prepares the reader for its ending, the final resolution.In line twenty nine, This is all just a freak of Natures egotistical ways, the meter again rises to hexameter and introduces again a hodge podge of syllables, the pyrrhic, trochee, iambic and spondee which is suggestive of the mess Nature is in. Line thirty serves as a clarification of the way, So understand these and the ones in you written in pentameter, a decline in meter, indicating a coming to a close. Syllables trochee, spondee and iambic remain indicating st powerfulness to come. Lines thirty one through thirty four partake in a common meter, trimeter. However, their syllables vary slenderly in each.For instance, line thirty one, and the sky formerly again will be luscious written with only anapestic measures. Line thirty two, Understand the Oceans pain, simply the iambic and anapestic syllables. In line thirty three, and he too will remain tame has an added syllable and consists of the anapest, pyrrhic and spondee supportive of a finish, a means to an end. And finally line thirty four of the five stanzas, For these are reflections within. in polish is set apartt direct with the repetative trimeter in eight even syllables of iambic and anapestic syllables suggesting peace, it is now over.The rhyme scheme in the fifth stanza is again unfamiliar. It is constructed as much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) n-oo(internal rhyme fear, tear) pp(internal rhyme cheek, freak) q-rr(end rhyme you,blue) ss(end rhyme pain,tame) t. This unusual rhyme scheme is reflective of the texts chaotic events. The boilers suit physical structure of the text supports a theme based on favorable position through const itution. No two stanzas are alike. There is constant change in the formal characteristics as well as the text it egotism. Although it would seem that the chaos of these characteristics would provoke no soul, it give ways perfect sense.There is chaos in the text so why shouldnt there be in the poems structure? We will now explore the literary wrenchs used throughout the poem and relate them with the plethoric patterns of mental mental exposurery of Reflections at bottom. Synesthesia is the first device noted in the first line of the poem. Mixing the sense of encounter, The Earths cool breeze, spoke to me, and the audible sense is combined with the use of imagination. embodiment is present here by braggy air the human ability to speak. The cool breeze suggests what type of atmosphere the loose is experiencing. He said, Come to be free, fly with me in my winds over the seas. , suggesting the readiness to submit to note and be led by it to favourable position. Be the el ement that I need. Element, the article is used here as a intension synonymous to drive in. Without you turbulent winds I stir, uses kinetic imagery to show motion and suggests change from whap to violence. Continuing on to the closure of the first stanza, calling my anger from above striking the Earth. , expressionism is clear here in that this line attempts to portray inner experience characterized by extreme mood or sentiment with violent exaggeration.In this first stanza the atmosphere has set the mood that something is uneasy, that there is a dispute or a problem even if unclear at this stage. The second stanza continues the troth in its first and second lines, As I refused, the sky started to pound, and I wondered if his hump would ever be found. suggests a sense of weakness by the field of honors inability to condole with the pain of the Earths cool breeze. I believe when the first laser like lightning cracked the sky, the Earths atmosphere surely died. several l iterary devices are used here such as the onomatopoeia cracked resembling the sound that lightning fakes.An some other connotation is observed in atmosphere used in place of heart. Personification is repeated here in great(p) the Earth the sense of life through death and dying. The smoothness of the rhyme scheme up until this point in the text is consistent until the next two lines substitute with the structure. Dirt gray clouds flitered the air above, again a change is indicated here suggesting that a new vista is approaching. And just as I began to cry, suggests a sense of helplessness again in that the situation is familiar and unchanging or worsening.Turning to the third stanza the render finds themselves again in a familiar situation with the Ocean, cornered . The Ocean said, Come flow freely with me, and the creatures in my seas synethesia is unadorned in the Oceans ability to speak and make an offering. Here your tears will disappear, and your worries will cease. a pr omise of security. Be the element that I need. the same connotation made of the word element previously, stands firm here as well. In return, the Ocean asks for love. Without you dangerous waters will come to the shores, calling the pain from my ocean floors and the Earths land will be no more. A cultivate to the offering, conditional love, which is not truly love at all if it is consequential. This suggests that things arent quite what they seem in this serene image of ocean waters. This central stanza recalls a similar situation from the first two verses supporting the blood between the self and genius. It also marks the central high point or climax which eventually must descend. As I rejected the offer he had for me, a variation of the familiar line seven, suggests the arising of another familiar problem, rejection, in the first line of the fourth stanza. etiolate waves began to crash rhythmically, kinetic imagery is used here in the word rhythmically which gives motion to the entire phrase suggesting change. There is a change in the mood of the Ocean from calm and serene to violent waves. Crash is used as an onomatopoeia, as the sound waves would make when crashing upon one another. And just as I began to swim, we have now transcended in nature from flying with the winds to swimming in the seas, hence, transcending through nature to locate the original. A rotating shaft of light struck through and within suggestive of a glimmer of hope, the light. Through and within, symbolic of the heart or soul, the genuine. The clouds and shown down on the Oceans body, resolution The light revealing the Oceans body puts a stop to its misbehavior, like a child when caught bullying a sibling. This beginning of a resolution signals the root of the worsts dilemna. It was the Earths receive star and she said,, again an inatimate object is given over human characteristics in speaking, symbolizing avatar. auspices can be suggestive of the mother star as it is loca ted above all else and is given a pious sense. One that is reveared with power, love, sterness and compassion.The same as a loving parent or mother. Yield your fear and dry up that tear, that runs down your red cheek, just as a mother would wipe the tears from a crying childs malls. This is all just a freak of natures selfish ways here the transcendence between the self and nature come together. So understand these and the ones in you, and the sky erst again will be blue is suggestive of oneness with nature, or one in the same, the self. Understand the Oceans pain, and he too will remain tame, personification is given again to the Ocean giving it the ability to understand or feel pain.This line also exhibits oneness with nature. For these are reflections within. could suggest dramatic monologue existence that it is unknown if the author intended to reveal that the reactions of the earthly elements were deeply rooted in the self. This romantic didactic poem shows us that one may have statement over what happens around them depending on thier mind-set on life and how one handles their emotions. pitiful on to examining the formal characteristics of William Wordsworths poem, I wandered only(a) as a cloud which shares a common theme with the previous poem Reflections Within, transcendence through nature.I wandered lonley as a cloud is a romantic stanzaic poem consisting of four stanzas each made up of a sestet or six lines for a total of twenty four lines. The first five lines, I wandered solitary as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of well-off daffodils, Beside the lake, under the trees, are all written in iambic tetrameter. A change is indicated at the end of the stanza when the metered pattern changes as does the rhyme scheme simultaneously. Line six, commotion and bound in the breeze. is nine syllables written in tetrameter accompanied now by an anapest and iambic syllables.The change in rhyme s cheme from abab ending the stanza in cc represents the stable basis that will be repeated throughout the transcendence of the text. The same is noted for the end rhyme scheme of the text per each stanza. The second stanza, perpetual as the stars that shine And luster on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a alcove alternates between nine and eight syllables, consistent in the rhyme scheme here as dede. All four lines are identical to the formal structure of the previous tetrameter measured lines in the first stanza.However, there is a notable change in the existence of syllables besides the iamb such as the anapest, pyrrhic, trochee, dactyl, and spondee which includes all possible combinations of syllables, suggesting that the text reaches beyond the tangable, including all things, the universe. Lines eleven and twelve of the second stanza stand again as a steady base, Ten guanine saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in officious dance. to s upport the previous four lines with its double end rhyme scheme gg, accompanied by eight syllables per line, also written in tetrameter to reward the supporting repeated pattern of the capacity in text.The third stanza, The waves beside them danced but they Out-did the shine waves in glee A poet could not but be gay, In such gay company I gazed and gazed- but little mind What wealth the show to me had brought again continues the same previous pattern of end rhyme, hihijj. Still consistent with the meter measured as tetrameter. Again a conglomorant of syllables are used such as the iamb, pyrrhic, spondee and a trochee which suggests the continuing of the worldly humor and that everything is in place just as it was intended, the way nature intended it. The last stanza in sestet,For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the gaiety of solitude And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. revert s prickle to the structure seen in the first stanza written in iambic tetrameter which is similar to the texts suggestive flashback. care the flow of the rhyme scheme to its completedness, klklmm is suggestive of a repeated pattern, similar to the subject of the text, a place to be revisited. The overall structure of this text is very form with regular meter and rhyme.Similar in the way that nature also has a specific order. Transcendence does not make itself obvious here in the physical structure, quite it makes somewhat of a circle regress back to its original state, similar in the way that nature rejuvinates itself. Wordsworths words in this text are used as a capacity to submit to feeling and be led by it to transcendence through the use of literary devices and prevailing patterns of imagery which we will now examine. The first line, I wandered lonely as a cloud establishes personification, as if a cloud would purposefully think to wander such as a person mogul do. That floats on high oer vales and hills, the beginning of a presented journey. When all at once I saw a crowd, suggests change or something new and exciting. A host, of golden daffodils, a host, suggests a party of people. perchance a crowd of people at a gathering. Beside the lake, beneath the trees, suggestive of an out-door event, a reunion or union of such. Fluttering and dancing in the breeze allows the image to become kinetic in setting motion to the crowd of daffodils that are flit and dancing amongst themselves, as socialites do at a wedding. Continuous as the stars that shine, And twinkle on the milky way, suggests an imagery of cup of tea that goes far beyond what the eye can see. They stretched in never-ending line, along the margin of the bay suggests a end as if they were hold for something. Ten deoxyguanosine monophosphate saw I at a glance, suggests a feeling of cosmos overwhelmed by the sight and therefor is exaggerated. Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. us es kinetic imagery to suggest again change. This imagery could be symbolic of bachelorettes waiting in line to catch the bouquet, to make the transformation from bachelorette to bride.The sprightly motion is a feminine suggestion that supports this image. The waves beside them danced but they Out-did the scintillate waves in glee suggests that even the mantrap of the water was no match for the experience of the daffodils. A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company again the insinuation of a group suggests people, in this case of advanced company. I gazed and gazed but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought suggests that the subject took the importation for granted and like the fourth stanza, the instant comes to an end. For oft when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, suggests that we are back in the atmosphere of the first stanza move lonely as a cloud. They flash upon that inward eye, a connotation of inward eye locates the genuine her e, flashing back to the imagination or the mind. Which is the bliss of solitude, suggests that the subject is content with being alone, not restrained by the ties of marriage, enititled to hugger-mugger thought and to think whatever one should want. And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils suggests that the subject returns to the nature of being man and appreciates the beauty in nature, be it flower or woman, he has the option to pick from this metaphor. The conclusion of the text recycles the subject back to the familiarity of the beginning text. Transcendence through nature in this text reflects the relationship between the self and the beauty of nature. Reflections Within and I wandered lonely as a cloud are two poems that share the common theme, transcendence through nature.The major differences between the two text is that the subject in Reflections Within does not achieve being at one with nature until the end of the poem and is supported by its c haotic line structure and variances in syllables and meter. Whereas the second texts subject is completely at one with nature throughout the entirety of its text and is reflect in the confindence of the repeated line structure, rhyme scheme and meter. The main focus of both(prenominal) subjects is escape however they differ in motivation. While one subject is onerous to escape the negative nature of self, the other escapes to nature in positive imagery.Locating the true in both of these texts also differs. The genuine in Wordworths poem is located in the head or the mind of the subject. The authorized or genuine is located in the heart of the subject of Reflections Within. Both texts are similar in the elements of nature that are used in order to transcend the character through nature such as the breeze, stars and water or waves. Both texts treat nature with human characteristics such as speaking, dancing and many other motions which are necessary to transcend. Overall both tex ts treat nature as a source for authenticity and spiritual refreshment.