Epidemiology A Quality Assessment Tool For Quantitative Researches - 3575 Words

Epidemiology: A Quality Assessment Tool For Quantitative Researches (Essay Sample) Content: OPTION 1: Individual submission (begin with this template and use it to submit your draft) Structured 3,500 word essay maximum excluding the words of these questions and your list of references. Expand the explanation boxes as required. This template contains approximately 1502 words. 352107554483000You must use this worksheet to complete the assessment and submit it through Turnitin. Pair number Name and student number Arpitaben Bholabhai Patel; 10326561 Second reviewer, name and student number Date draft submitted through TurnitIn. Word count (not including the words for the form and the references): Date of exchange individual work and discussion with partner Study assessed as described in: Neumark-Sztainer, D. R., Friend, S. E., Flattum, C. F., Hannan, P. J., Story, M. T., Bauer, K. W., ... Petrich, C. A. (2010). New moves—preventing weight-related problems in adolescent girls: a group-randomized study. American journal of preventive medicine, 39(5), 421-432. Remember, you are assessing the study which is described, and not this single publication. You will need to check and identify if additional information about this study is available. If so then you can incorporate the information into the responses. Please be aware that sometimes the information may conflict. Place your answers inside the boxes. QUALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR QUANTITATIVE STUDIES Please complete these the questions presented as structured paragraphs as you would in an essay.218313015240000 Clearly mark your selection or cross-out the choice not applicable. Do not use highlighting or colour change as this is not recognised in Turnitin. Demonstrate your knowledge of epidemiological principles within each section and support your statements. Part 1: (Initially undertaken on your own) Show the structured PICO question of the study P: Adolescent girls from intervention and control high schools I: New move curriculum in the physical education class, motivational teaching, and nutritional lunch bunches C: Orthodox physical education classes O: Decrease of sedentary activities, change in eating patterns and improvements in body image T: Nine months for making a comparison between control girls and intervention girls Henceforth, the PICO question of the study is: â€Å"In adolescent girls from intervention and control high schools, what is the effect of new move curriculum, motivational teaching and nutritional lunch bunches on decreasing sedentary activities, improving eating patterns and body image within a nine-month trial?† COMPONENT RATINGS A) SELECTION BIAS (Q1) Are the individuals selected to participate in the study likely to be representative of the target population? 1 1. Very likely âÅ"” 2 2. Somewhat likely 3 3.Not likely 4 4. Can’t tell 5 The selected participants can be considered as the representative of adolescent girls that generally suffer from obesity issue and other weight-related problems. Existing research shows that girls from different ethnic backgrounds and low Socio-Economic Status (SES) are vulnerable to weight-related problems. Besides this, a low level of obesity has been observed in the case of girls with high SES. Henceforth socioeconomic differences can be considered as a major parameter for identifying weight-related problems of adolescent girls (Neumark-Sztainer Story, 2009). As this research was conducted on the students of suburban areas, henceforth it can be said that the diverse nature of students was important for the evaluation process. In that respect, it is important to say that the selected girls from those areas truly represented the appropriate population that suffers from the issue of weight. Nevertheless, the distinctive approach can also be taken by focusing on the types of girls se lected for this study. It was observed that girls with high SES have not been selected on a massive scale for this research. Therefore, the possibilities of suffering from weight-related issues have not been interpreted yet. Standing on this viewpoint, it can be said that this research represents adolescent girls of suburban areas rather than girls of high SES background. Although a thorough study to change the sedentary habits has properly represented a niche population. 6 (Q2) What percentage of selected individuals agreed to participate? 1 1. 80 - 100% agreement 2 2. 60 – 79% agreement 3 3. less than 60% agreement 4 4. Not applicable 5 5. Can’t tell 6 Out of 433 consented individuals, 393 adolescent school girls have been agreed to participate in this study. Henceforth, a high rate of agreement (80%-100%) reflects on the high engagement of participants to identify the impact of new moves on the BMI rate and fat level of individuals. 7 RATE THIS SECTION STRONG MODERATE WEAK See dictionary 1 âÅ"” 2 3 8 This high engagement of individuals has played a critical role in drawing a conclusion of this research. Existing literature has identified that high engagement of participants plays a key role in identifying a common phenomenon of a specific topic (Palinkas et al. 2015). Considering this current research, it can be said that this active participation of such adolescent girls has helped the researcher to identify the accuracy rate of a new move in isolating the sedentary behaviour of adolescent girls. This is the major reason for identifying this segment as a strong factor to this research. 9 B) STUDY DESIGN Indicate the study design 1 1. Randomized controlled trial âÅ"” 2 2. Controlled clinical trial 3 3. Cohort analytic (two group pre + post) 4 4. Case-control 5 5. Cohort (one group pre + post (before and after)) 6 6. Interrupted time series 7 7.Other, please specify: 8 8. Can’t tell Was the study described as randomized? If NO, go to Component C. Yes If Yes, was the method of randomization described? (See dictionary) Yes If Yes, was the method appropriate? (See dictionary) Yes 10 In this research, the randomized controlled trial was applied by the researchers to segregate the adolescent girls in a group. Besides this, this methodology has helped to identify the proper way to conduct this research. It is found that six intervention and six control groups have been divided to maintain a better outcome of this result. In this context, it is important to state that the researchers have taken this methodology in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, this applied method was right and no possible backdrop of the application of the taken methodology has been identified in this research. It can be said that the randomization process plays an important role in isolating the possible bias from the study. Furthermore, it can be said that a randomized controlled trial (RCT) method are often used in order to contribute to the medical intervention process significantly. However, some issues related to RCT procedure have also been identified in the current literature. The comp lex nature of this procedure often leads to discontinuation of an ongoing process. On another hand, some school of scholars have also identified the positive perspective of this method in the domain of healthcare and nursing. Focusing on the current article, it can be said that the RCT process has played a critical role in maintaining an equilibrium between prognostic factors of this research. As a result, no such issue related to those prognostic factors (like bias in research, issues in the intervention) has been observed. Henceforth, proper segregation of groups has helped the researchers to distinguish the cares provided for the evaluation. RATE THIS SECTION STRONG MODERATE WEAK See dictionary 1 2 3 It is observed that girls of the intervention groups have received some different cares than the individuals that were listed on the control group. Justifying the appropriateness of this method, it can be said that this differences in care helped to notice different results that have been observed at the end of this study. Besides this, method of conducting the research by using the RCT framework has also been identified in this article. It is found that urban and first-ring suburban students have been selected for this research. After that, the evaluation assessment has done by considering three major points such as baseline, post class and follow up. In this regard, it can be said that the method of application was right in this context. C) CONFOUNDERS (Q1) Were there important differences between groups prior to the intervention? 1 1.Yes âÅ"” 2 2. No 3 3. Can’t tell The following are examples of confounders: 1 1. Race âÅ"” 2 2. Sex 3 3. Marital status/family 4 4. Age 5 5. SES (income or class) 6 6. Education 7 7. Health status 8 8. Pre-intervention score on outcome measure 9 Focusing on this study, a significant influence of high-level cofounders have been identified. It is found that those specific schools have been selected in this study because of a diverse number of students. Henceforth, it can be said that race has played a significant role in this study. According to Nadal et al. (2014), previous research on the ethnicity and race of the people has poised a detrimental effect on the impact on the lives of individuals. In that respect, it was important for the researchers to project the perception of individuals of different backgrounds. Racism has been identified as a major agenda that has played a key role in occurring major problems related to the psychological enrichment and improvement of self-concept of people significantly. Further, it is observed that racism during any research might document the harmful effects on the participants. In order to elaborate, it can be said that the physical and psychological well-being of participants might be reduced in case of any issue, r...

The Prize The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power by...

Daniel Yergin is the chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Association and a highly respected individual in international politics, economics and power. Despite being a Pulitzer Prize Winner, he is also the recipient of the 1997 United State Energy Award for his achievement in power and the promotion of international understanding. He has written extensive accounts on the global changes towards political and economic destiny of the world since WWII. His book ‘The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power’ published in 1992, which depicted the turmoil in Russia’s move to a market economy became a hit such that it was made into an eight hour series and translated into twelve languages. Yergin is a member of the Board of the United States Energy Association, US Secretary of Energy’s Advisory Board and National Petroleum Council among others. He is a BA holder from Yale University and holds Ph.D. from Cambridge University among other honorary degrees. Introduction: General overview Oil over the course of humanity has been referred to as the lifeblood of the worlds economy. Though it might be called an overestimate, oil is arguably the most critical non-human economic resource that is crucial for the progress and growth of the economy. In his book, Yergin illustrates the economic, societal, political as well as the geostrategic importance of oil in the growth of the worlds economy. The book takes the reader through a path that retrieves the historical journey of oil fromShow MoreRelatedThe Prize : The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power By Daniel Yergin Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pages Oil has often been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Although this is an overemphasis, oil has been the key, nonhuman resource of the economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic import ance of this product. Yergin is the IHS Vice Chairman, and as their website tells us, he is also a Pulitzer-Prize winning author andRead MoreThe Prize : The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pages Oil has repeatedly been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Whereas this is an overemphasis, oil has been the utmost key, nonhuman resource of economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic prominence of this product. The book was published by Simon and Schuster in 2011 in New York, and contains 928 pages, as its ISBN isRead MoreThe Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power2499 Words   |  10 Pageshalf of its oil supply, weakening its overall strategic position and adding greatly to an already burdensome trade deficit – a precarious position for a great power† (Yergin 14). So said Daniel Yergin in the prologue of his 1990 bestseller The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. Today, oil retains its importance in the hydrocarbon societies of developed and developing countries as a major engine of economic growth, but the story is not so simple. When Yergin wrote The Prize, the UnitedRead MoreThe Iraq War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. 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Dubai versus the Development Literature IV Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Introduction Dubai, a tiny, oil-exporting city-state located in the Persian Gulf, has recentlyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdetermining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict.

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Free Essay Example, 1000 words

As such liberation can be achieved by remaining action less. There was another system of belief, the followers of which thought that ignorance is bliss. Their argument was, just like the nature of the child, who is simple, novice and without guile, the sins of an ignorant person deserve pardon as such he is blemish-less. At difference stages of his life, Malcolm made the best use of all the above philosophies, without clinging on to a particular one. Considering from the placement of destiny (fate), it subdued him at every turn of life, but Malcolm X, with his grit and determination, worked hard and intelligently to change its course. Bitter experiences of childhood made him a rebel. His father was cruelly murdered by the followers of Ku Klux Klan movement, his mother suffered mental breakdown, and his brothers and sisters were taken care of by the state welfare system. Under such grim circumstances anyone would turn cynical, but not Malcolm X. Initially he possessed a sense of shame about the Negro culture but later it transformed into great pride for the black people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Autobiography of Malcolm X or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Malcolm also noted that teaching in American schools about African-American culture was non-existent, and only brief mention about them was made that Negroes were slaves and subsequently they were freed and they were by nature generally lazy and lethargic. But Malcolm would not agree. Most of the African-Americans never bothered to know the importance of their roots.

Judaism, Christianity And Islam - 806 Words

Judaism, Christianity and Islam do have an inherent thread of violence woven into the fabric of their ideation and scriptures. They do have an inherent thread because of we have seen so much violence that has been caused because of religion. Many times people are offended by others’ belief, which can cause violence due to the different perspectives. Furthermore, these religions get very protective of their beliefs, if you believe something, there must be reasons for your beliefs. Therefore, no violence should rise when someone disagrees, they should stay true to their beliefs and not cause violence to rise when someone disagrees with their views. Monotheistic people often don’t act up on the violence thread in their religion although it is often called by monotheism cultivated intolerance. Since monotheist believe that there is only one way to worship and acknowledge God, they are very closed minded. Although there are no rights in the monotheistic system, dissents, her esy, error, the odd view, blasphemy, should be considered malevolent and intolerable. Someone shouldn’t take it to heart when someone says something negative about your religion. The state and religion should be separated, just the same way that religion and the government should be separated. Although the government seems to have a test that is unconsciously made by its people. Monotheists who have performed violent acts in the name of God not tapped into a genuine and authentic strain of violence withinShow MoreRelatedJudaism, Christianity, And Islam992 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam are three of the most recognized monotheistic religions worldwide. These religions are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because of their history to the founding father, Abraham. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are closely related with varying differences. Christianity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Jud aism. We take a look at some of the major similarities and major differences of these widely practicedRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, and Islam1538 Words   |  6 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam are the most influential religions in the world. Judaism has only fourteen million followers across the continents which makes Judaism the 12th largest religion. Although Judaism is not as large as Christianity and Islam, It still has an impact on the world. Prophet Abraham is the called in Islam the father of all prophets and because of that, sometimes Christianity, Islam and Judaism are called Abrahamic Religions. There are many known differencesRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1052 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Fletcher 3/9/15 Humanities Professor Michaud 417868 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam There are roughly 4,200 different religions in the world today, among them the largest are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are more similar then one would think. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 2 billion followers and are called Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers. They are called Muslims, which means â€Å"oneRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam875 Words   |  4 Pageshave believed in a higher power or powers. Christianity, Islam and Judaism, the three most dominant religions are no different. They are all Monotheistic meaning they believe in one sole higher power or God. Though they share this common idea and many other similarity, they have many distinct features of their own that make them different as a whole. Many past religions have believed in the idea of multiple gods, Polytheism. Judaism, Christianity and Islam believe in one Supreme creator, MonotheismRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Judaism1636 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity, Islam, and Judaism All three religions believe and worship the same God but they do it in different ways. Judaism happens to be the oldest religion today but they don’t have an official creed. They aim to teach you about God, the Messiah, human beings, and the universe which makes Jewish beliefs very important to them. But it is important to understand that being Jewish is more of a race and culture than it is a religion. Some Jewish people may have no interest in Judaism. Judaism hasRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1679 Words   |  7 Pages Completely Different but Surprisingly Similar Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all three different religions that many may not think can even be compared. At a glance, the religions are derived from different locations, the members of the religions look and act different, and some of the widely known practices are what make the religions so distinct. However, they are more similar than most people think. In the core of the three religions, many of their beliefs and practices show to be extremelyRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Judaism Essay1967 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity, Islam, and Judaism represent the three most influential religions in the world throughout history. Judaism is, however, not as widespread as both Islam and Christianity, but it still has a profound impact in the world. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are also known as the Abrahamic religions because their history is traced to the ancient individual, Abraham who is first referred to in the Hebrew Bible. There are many similarities as well as some differences between these religionsRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam902 Words   |  4 Pagesmost famous three religions -People of the book- are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism is the oldest organized religion in the world; however, it only has 14 million followers around the world most of them centered in North America and Israel. Christianity, came after Judaism and have two billion believers around the world, and that’s about one third of the world population. Finally, Islam came after Judaism and Christianity. Even though Islam came afterwards, it spread quickly around the worldRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat keeps many people going in life but at the same time, the same reason our world has so many problems and has been torn apart. Through studying the main tenets in call, Judaism, Christianity and Islam were analyzed for weeks. Christianity and Islam take the cake for the two biggest religions in today’ s population however, Judaism plays the smallest role. These three religions, although different, are easily able to be compared and contrasted because of all of the history and information we have attainedRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1087 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism, Christianity, and Islam are among the best known and most widely practiced religions today, and have had enormous cultural, ideological, and historical impact on the peoples of every continent. Arguably more so than any other ideological systems, Abrahamic religion has been among the most influential forces in human history. The shared elements of their traditions have allowed them to develop in part through a multi-faceted dialogue with each other. These faiths, despite sharing a common

How Does The Learning Adapted All Through The Course, The...

Abstract: This paper serves to apply the learning adapted all through the course, the advancement and development in my lifespan. I will plan to show a working learning of the speculations, wording, and ideas of human development and advancement. I will indicate how these orders apply to my own particular backgrounds and how I did all through my key life occasions, through the utilization of observational studies. Develop mentalist’s knowledge the development of growth in nonhuman species, the most popular observe progress and transformation in people. In difference I will emphasis on the ways people and myself change and grow during our lives, with reflection of constancy in our live span. Together, these conclusions recommend that†¦show more content†¦Being that my mother had already experience childbirth before, she took extra precautions to make sure I was healthy. Developing milestones are imperative in a child’s life. Formative breakthroughs have an exten sive variety of diverse useful abilities that a youngster has the capacity do as they hit certain ages. Outset and youth are dynamic times of development and change (Gerber, Wilks, Erdie-Larena, 2010). At every age a youngster should achieve points of reference in their life that would consider them as creating typical. In the event that the kid does not achieve that specific breakthrough for their age then they are considered to have a formative deferral. Formative points of reference are connected with a tyke s gross engine, psychological, social, dialect, and fine engine aptitudes. At the point when a kid adds to their gross engine aptitudes they find themselves able to walk, stand, and sit. They figure out how to utilize their real muscle bunches. At the point when the youngster achieves the subjective breakthrough he or she demonstrates that they find themselves able to take care of issues, demonstrate a comprehension, and thinking abilities. Creating breakthroughs additio nally incorporate dialect. At the point when a youngster leaves on specific

The Inclusion of Sex Education in the School Curriculum Free Essays

During high school years our minds have the greatest development. And whatever we have learned in high school we uses that knowledge to help us move on through college. At the high school age teenagers experiments different changes in their minds, bodies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inclusion of Sex Education in the School Curriculum or any similar topic only for you Order Now A sometimes question comes up that at what age children should know about the sex. To the answer to that question is I believe at the age of 13-14 children and High School kids. High school should be teaching teenagers about different aspects of life, especially sex. A majority student does not get any sex education at home. Usually parents just ignore or avoid this kind of discussion or topic. So, that is why high school should teach students about sex. Since parents ignore giving knowledge about sex to their children, many of them turn to having unprotected sex because they are not educated about the matter. Their eyes are blind about the sex. Teenagers go to parties, they get drunk and they get involved physically with opposite sex. No one ever taught them to have protected sex. So females ends up getting pregnant. So, they would choose to have an abortion. Which is a very big debatable issue. Moreover, even if they not ends up getting pregnant some of the partners might have an aid and then they would get that aids. This could prevent by giving children some or more knowledge about sex. Since patents do not teach their children then sex education should be a vital part of a high school education. Personally, I believe that by giving students knowledge about sex in high school will help prevent teenage pregnancies and even the spread of disease such as aids. The out come would be save lives. In short, as parents we should support the High School and encourage them to teach our children about sex life. If parents were willing to educate their children at home then there would be no need for sex education. However, most of parents ignore sex topic and they would not prefer to discuss this topic in the family. Since the sex education does not exist at most of the homes, then there should be a need for sex education besides home, which is school. How to cite The Inclusion of Sex Education in the School Curriculum, Papers

Dyson Human Resource Management free essay sample

Continuous professional development is taken rigorously. Workers will be learning all the time, and there are many whose only job is training and development of others in the company. The managers are happy to set budget aside to send people to international conferences, courses, and industrial events. From this have gathered that Tyson have a keen interest in improving the skills of their workers and focus on motivation roles when training and courses for employees to go on.This could suggest Tyson to have a soft HARM as it indicates that they believe that employees are he most important resource, which they have to be when it comes to research and development as the engineers and researchers of the business are the driving for behind Dagons new products, designs and innovative ideas. According to McGregor Y theory, the leaders show innovation and imagination and are not just motivated by money but other things such as success, this has aspects shown from Tyson such as that the lead ers have creative minds and thrive in innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Dyson Human Resource Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also parts of Herrings theory can be seen such as the satisfiers being achievement e. . Creating a new product, growth and also recognition. However Herbert also states that motivation is affected by hygiene factors being working conditions and co-worker relationships. After looking at many company reviews from Tyson employees have noticed the following issues appearing most, a rigid working culture, bad/ineffective management, company expanding too rapidly causing chaos and poor performance reviews and bonuses.Many said that the managers do not communicate with workers enough and do not address the issues rising daily. This shows some aspects of hard human resource management such as poor appraisals and also possibly high staff turnover if employees are unhappy and do not feel they can work at Tyson any longer. Tyson faced was relocation of its production to Malaysia and Singapore in 2002 and thus laying off employees in United Kingdom.